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Jeff Bezos, Amazon founder, has found Apollo 11 Moon engines

Amazon founder Jeff Bezos announces that he has located the long-submerged F-1 engines that blasted the Apollo 11 Moon mission into space.

In a blog post, Jeff Bezos said the five engines were found using advanced sonar scanning some 14,000 ft (4,300 m) below the Atlantic Ocean’s surface.

Jeff Bezos, a billionaire bookseller and spaceflight enthusiast, said he was making plans to raise one or more.

Apollo 11 carried astronauts on the first Moon landing mission in 1969.

The F-1 engines were used on the giant Saturn V rocket that carried the Apollo landing module out of the Earth’s atmosphere and towards the Moon.

They burned for just a few minutes before separating from the second stage module and falling to Earth somewhere in the Atlantic.

Amazon founder Jeff Bezos announces that he has located the long-submerged F-1 engines that blasted the Apollo 11 Moon mission into space
Amazon founder Jeff Bezos announces that he has located the long-submerged F-1 engines that blasted the Apollo 11 Moon mission into space

Jeff Bezos’ announcement comes days after film director James Cameron succeeded in his own deep-sea expedition, reaching the bottom of the Mariana Trench, the deepest point on the planet.

Announcing the discovery on his Bezos Expeditions website, Jeff Bezos described the F-1 as a “modern wonder” that boasted 32 million horsepower and burned 6,000 lbs (2,720 kg) of rocket-grade kerosene and liquid oxygen every second.

“I was five years old when I watched Apollo 11 unfold on television, and without any doubt it was a big contributor to my passions for science, engineering, and exploration,” Jeff Bezos wrote, confirming that his team had located the engines but without hinting where they might be.

“We don’t know yet what condition these engines might be in – they hit the ocean at high velocity and have been in salt water for more than 40 years. On the other hand, they’re made of tough stuff, so we’ll see,” he wrote.

Jeff Bezos’ privately funded team was planning to raise one or more engines, he wrote.

He said he planned to ask NASA – which still owns the rockets – for permission to display one in the Museum of Flight in his home city of Seattle.

NASA said it looked forward to hearing more about the recovery, the Associated Press reports.

Other elements of the Apollo missions – including the Apollo 11 command module – are on display in the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC.

The attempt to raise the F-1 engines is not the first foray into space technology for Jeff Bezos.

In 2000 Jeff Bezos founded a private space flight firm, Blue Origin, which has received NASA funding and is working on making orbital and sub-orbital spaceflight commercially available.

 

Earl Scruggs, the pioneering banjo musician, has died at 88

Earl Scruggs, the pioneering banjo player who is credited with helping create modern country music, has died in Nashville aged 88.

Earl Scruggs died of natural causes at a Nashville hospital on Wednesday, his son Gary said.

The musician was known for his unique banjo playing technique, which involved just three fingers. It later became known as “the Scruggs picking style”.

Earl Scruggs’ innovative method can be heard on the theme tune to the 1962 series The Beverly Hillbillies.

He rose to the fame when Bill Monroe hired him to play in the Blue Grass Boys, one of the defining groups in the bluegrass musical genre.

Hollywood actor and fellow banjo player Steve Martin previously paid tribute to Earl Scruggs in the New Yorker newspaper.

“When the singer came to the end of a phrase, he filled the theatre with sparkling runs of notes that became a signature for all bluegrass music since,” Steve Martin said.

“A grand part of American music owes a debt to Earl Scruggs. Few players have changed the way we hear an instrument the way Earl has, putting him in a category with Miles Davis, Louis Armstrong, Chet Atkins, and Jimi Hendrix.”

Earl Scruggs, the pioneering banjo player who is credited with helping create modern country music, has died in Nashville aged 88
Earl Scruggs, the pioneering banjo player who is credited with helping create modern country music, has died in Nashville aged 88

Earl Scruggs later teamed up with Lester Flatt to form the Foggy Mountain Boys, also known as Flatt and Scruggs.

One of their most well known records included Foggy Mountain Breakdown, which featured in the 1967 movie Bonnie and Clyde.

It was their recording of The Ballad of Jed Clampett that was used in The Beverly Hillbillies.

They eventually disbanded, and a rift grew between the two musicians, although they were inducted together in the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1985.

Earl Scruggs went on to form a group with his three sons in The Earl Scruggs Revue, playing alongside rock acts such as Steppenwolf and James Taylor.

In 1992, Earl Scruggs was among 13 recipients of a National Medal of Art.

Speaking at the time, Earl Scruggs said: “I never in my wildest dreams thought of rewards and presentations. I appreciate those things, especially this one.”

In 2001, Earl Scruggs released his first album in a decade, Earl Scruggs and Friends, featuring collaborations with other artists including Sir Elton John, Dwight Yoakam, Sting and Melissa Etheridge.

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Bo Xilai is the victim of a smear campaign, says a family friend

Bo Xilai, the politician at the heart of China’s biggest political scandal in years, is the victim of a smear campaign, a source close to his family has said.

The source, who did not want to be identified, said the allegations against Bo Xilai were “preposterous”.

Bo Xilai was sacked from his job in charge of the city of Chongqing after his police chief fled to a US consulate, causing major embarrassment to Beijing.

Since then a steady stream of damaging stories about Bo Xilai have emerged.

Earlier this week it emerged that the British government had asked the Chinese authorities to re-open an investigation into the death of UK businessman Neil Heywood, a close friend of Bo Xilai.

Unconfirmed media reports suggest Bo Xilai’s police chief, Wang Lijun, had information about Neil Heywood’s death.

Bo Xilai, 62, was one of China’s top politicians, tipped for even higher office when the Chinese Communist Party carries out a once-in-a-decade leadership change later this year.

Many thought he would be promoted to the Standing Committee of the party’s politburo, the nine-man body that runs China.

Suave and sophisticated, Bo Xilai was popular in Chongqing where he was party secretary, the top job in the city.

Bo Xilai also appeared to have support in the higher echelons of the Communist Party. Many national leaders visited Chongqing after he took charge there in 2007.

But since his sacking that support has disappeared – and a series of accusations have been leveled against Bo Xilai.

One suggested Chongqing police chief Wang Lijun fled to the US consulate because Bo Xilai reacted angrily when told of an investigation into his family.

“That’s just preposterous,” said the Bo family contact.

The allegations against Bo Xilai were "preposterous", said a source close to his family
The allegations against Bo Xilai were "preposterous", said a source close to his family

He said the relationship between Bo Xilai and Wang Lijun was “normal” just days before the policeman fled. “He was pledging his allegiance,” said the contact.

He added that members of Bo Xilai’s family had worked hard to avoid the appearance that they were benefiting from the politician’s rise.

Bo Xilai’s wife, Gu Kailai, apparently gave up her career as a high-flying lawyer a few years ago. “She shut down her law firm just when it was getting very big and exciting for her,” said the source.

Bo Xilai had also been accused of praising the Cultural Revolution, a chaotic period from 1966-1976 when normal life was turned upside down.

While in charge in Chongqing he launched a campaign to re-energize people’s enthusiasm for China’s communist past under Mao Zedong.

Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao made a thinly veiled attack on Bo Xilai’s project at a press conference just the day before he was sacked.

The family contact said: “Any suggestion that Bo Xilai wanted to go back to the Cultural Revolution period is wrong, given that he spent some of that time in jail.”

The source wanted to counter the impression among many that Bo Xilai was an ambitious politician who sought popularity to further his political goals.

He said Bo Xilai acted only out of a “sense of duty”.

“The problem with China’s government is that it’s strayed too far from the people. If you do things for people, others say you are being a populist,” he added.

The source said Bo Xilai had nothing to do with the death of Neil Heywood, the British businessman who died in Chongqing in November 2011.

There are rumors that Wang Lijun fled because he had details about a connection between Bo Xilai’s family and Neil Heywood.

It has emerged that Wang Lijun first arranged a meeting at the UK consulate in Chongqing, but never turned up.

Neil Heywood, who worked as a consultant in China, was a friend of Bo Xilai, but the family contact denied there were any business dealings between the two. Police say the 41-year-old died of excessive alcohol consumption – friends say he drank only occasionally.

Bo Xilai has disappeared from public view since his sacking last month and it is unclear whether he is under investigation or still has his seat on the party’s 25-member politburo.

But the damaging stories about him continue. Whatever the truth behind them, his downfall has caused a major stir within the Chinese political establishment.

The claims and counter claims suggest there is a major battle between political rivals ahead of the leadership changeover.

 

Kim Kardashian and her sisters show off their airbrushed bikini picture

Kim Kardashian showed off her hourglass shape in a bikini from her Kardashian Kollection – the fashion line she shares with sisters Khloe and Kourtney.

But there’s something about the shoot and the girls’ appearance that just seem impossible – most notably the difference between Kim Kardashian’s middle and her hips.

Kim Kardashian’s waist appears unbelievably tiny and the frilly duke-blue bikini certainly complements her shape which looks incredible.

She is joined by her sisters Kourtney and Khloe Kardashian in the picture which boasts a brooding theme with dark dramatic clouds seen in the background.

Kourtney Kardashian,32, is seen sporting a dark strapless bikini while Khloe wears a lace bikini with a sheer navy kaftan over the top.

The girls skin appears luminous and flawless suggesting the trio have undoubtedly had a little help in the photoshop department.

Khloe, Kim and Kourtney Kardashian have undoubtedly had a little help in the photoshop department
Khloe, Kim and Kourtney Kardashian have undoubtedly had a little help in the photoshop department

In fact Kourtney Kardashian, who is currently pregnant with her second child, was seen sporting a baby bump at the time of the shoot in February, but there is no hint of a pregnancy in the snap.

Her abs looked more toned than ever despite photographers capturing her baby bump in snaps on the same day last month.

Kim Kardashian, 31, took to Twitter today to promote the shoot and posted the snap with the caption: “Kourt, Khloe and I put on our favorite bikinis for our new #KardashianKollection swimwear shoot!”

The picture, which seems to have considerable photoshop work on it, comes a day after Kim Kardashian was seen leaving a skin and hair clinic in LA with red patches on her forehead.

It seems the star may well have indulged in a spot of Botox ahead of a glitzy event last night.

 

Heavily pregnant Jessica Simpson on shopping trip

Heavily pregnant Jessica Simpson is refusing to put her feet up less than a few weeks away from her due date.

Jessica Simpson, 31, negotiated her enormous bump on a shopping trip with a friend in Los Angeles yesterday.

The singer, who has revealed she has put on no less than 40 pounds in weight during her pregnancy, stepped out in a clinging black maxi dress which showed off her curved stomach.

Jessica Simpson appears to have finally given in to wearing flat footwear and was seen in a pair of comfortable and sensible flip flops.

The mother-to-be and her friend headed to Fred Segal and if Jessica Simpson had picked up anything her friend was carrying it as the brunette left with a series of bags.

Heavily pregnant Jessica Simpson is refusing to put her feet up less than a few weeks away from her due date
Heavily pregnant Jessica Simpson is refusing to put her feet up less than a few weeks away from her due date

Jessica Simpson was seen cradling her bump with her hands and held a bright YSL handbag in the crook of her arm.

The mother-to-be recently spoke out about her pregnancy to Hello! magazine.

Jessica Simpson said: “I had a great pregnancy. Eating and not having to worry too much about it has been fun.”

“Taking a break from working out has definitely been fun. But I’m ready for it to be over. I’m ready to have my body back!”

Jessica Simpson, who appears to have been pregnant for much longer than her three trimesters, told the magazine that she can’t wait to deliver her unborn son or daughter.

“I feel like I could pop at any second,” she said.

 

Nafissatou Diallo launches Dominique Strauss-Kahn civil case

A New York civil court has begun hearing the case against former IFM chief Dominique Strauss-Kahn, brought by Nafissatou Diallo, the Sofitel hotel maid who accused him of a sex attack last year.

Nafissatou Diallo brought the action after criminal charges were dismissed against the former head of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

The charges were dropped when prosecutors lost faith in her evidence.

Dominique Strauss-Kahn is not in court. He is fighting claims in France that he was involved with a prostitution ring.

The hearing in New York is the first stage in the civil case brought by Nafissatou Diallo.

Nafissatou Diallo maintains DSK attacked her when she came to clean his suite at the Sofitel Hotel in New York.

Nafissatou Diallo brought the civil action after criminal charges were dismissed against DSK
Nafissatou Diallo brought the civil action after criminal charges were dismissed against DSK

Judges must decide whether the case can proceed.

DSK’s lawyers argued in court that the case should be dropped, saying the defendant had diplomatic immunity at the time of the alleged assault.

“Dismissal, your honor, may seem like an unfair result to some, but it’s the result the law compels,” Amit P. Mehta, one of DSK’s lawyers, told the judge.

But the IMF has said Dominique Strauss-Kahn was not entitled to immunity because he was in New York on personal business at the time.

In France, DSK has been placed under investigation over allegations that he was involved in a hotel prostitution ring in the northern city of Lille.

DSK has admitted he attended sex parties, but denies that he knew the women involved in the orgies were hired prostitutes.

Leaked police documents emerged on Wednesday that appear to show that he exchanged text messages with the people running the parties, in which prostitutes were referred to as “material”.

Prosecutors claim the term suggests he knew the identity and profession of the women taking part.

At least one of those women has told police there was undue aggression at these events, an allegation Dominique Strauss-Kahn strenuously denies.

The parties DSK attended were stopped soon after his arrest in May last year.

 

US planned food aid to North Korea has been suspended after violation of a missile test moratorium agreement

The United States has confirmed the decision to put on hold planned food aid to North Korea.

The decision comes after Pyongyang announced a new rocket launch, which the US says breaks the terms of a deal agreed last month.

Earlier reports that the food aid plans had been suspended were confirmed by a Pentagon official on Wednesday.

Peter Lavoy told lawmakers North Korea had violated a missile test moratorium agreement and could not be trusted to deliver the aid properly.

Under the deal signed in February, North Korea agreed to a partial freeze in nuclear activities and a missile test moratorium in return for US food aid.

Peter Lavoy, acting assistant secretary of defense for Asian and Pacific affairs, told a government committee that next month’s planned rocket launch “reflects [North Korea’s] lack of desire to follow through on their international commitments and so we’ve been forced to suspend our activities to provide nutritional assistance”.

The United States has confirmed the decision to put on hold planned food aid to North Korea
The United States has confirmed the decision to put on hold planned food aid to North Korea

North Korea claims the launch – which is scheduled for between April 12-16 – is only a satellite and is for scientific purposes.

But the US and North Korea’s neighbors insist it will be a long-range missile test, breaking the terms of last month’s agreement.

The US has not delivered food aid to North Korea since 2009, but sent officials to Pyongyang’s ally China earlier this month to finalize plans to re-start food deliveries.

North Korea has suffered persistent food shortages since a famine in the 1990s, and relies on foreign aid to feed its people.

The planned 240,000 tons of food aid from the US was to go to children and pregnant women.

 

Fossilized foot bones discovered in Ethiopia give new insight into human evolution and ability to walk

The fossilized bones of a foot that were discovered in Ethiopia and dated to be 3.4 million years old gave scientists a fascinating new insight into the evolution of humans and our ability to walk.

The researchers say they do not have enough remains to identify the species of hominin, or human ancestor, from which the right foot came.

But they tell Nature journal that just the shape of the bones shows the creature could walk upright at times.

The fossil haul consists of eight elements from the forefoot – bones such as metatarsals and phalanges.

The specimens were pulled from clay sediments at Burtele in the central Afar region of Ethiopia, about 520 km north-east of the capital Addis Ababa.

It is a significant discovery because it demonstrates there was more than one pre-human species living in East Africa between three and four million years ago, each with its own method of moving around.

The other creature was the famous “Lucy” animal (Australopithecus afarensis), whose remains were first identified in the Afar in the 1970’s.

Lucy’s body was built for walking. Her big toe was aligned with the other four digits of the foot, and she had a human-like arch that allowed for very efficient locomotion.

The owner of the partial foot from Burtele was not afarensis; that can be said definitively.

The fossils indicate it had no arch and the big toe was opposed to the other digits, enabling the animal to grasp branches in a tree.

But the fact this creature could and would walk on the ground is evidenced by the nature of the bone joints. These were arranged such that the foot could push off, or toe-off – something only humans do as they walk, and something flat-footed apes cannot achieve.

The fossilized bones of a foot were discovered in Ethiopia and dated to be 3.4 million years
The fossilized bones of a foot were discovered in Ethiopia and dated to be 3.4 million years

“If you look at the lateral metatarsal head along with the proximal toe bone, the phalanx – that particular joint is really unique in hominids,” explained team member Dr. Bruce Latimer of Case Western Reserve University, US.

“You can see it’s a very different kind of a joint, because when you toe-off and push forward in that last phase of walking, your toes are highly flexed. In order to achieve that, you have to change the base of the phalanx and the metatarsal head – you have to change both sides of the joint. And it’s a highly characteristic type of change that we can pick out immediately,” he said.

The scientists can only speculate as to identity of the Burtele species. Without skull and teeth elements, a formal classification is impossible.

The team says the animal’s morphology is reminiscent in some respects to a 4.4 million-year-old creature known as Ardipithecus ramidus. Although, again, it is not ramidus.

“It may be a relic species that was lingering around until 3.4 or 3.3 million years ago, and which had its origins way back in Ardipithecus ramidus times,” suggested team leader Dr. Yohannes Haile-Selassie.

“But obviously we cannot put it into the Ardipithecus genus or call it a ramidus species because we do not have any craniodental elements associated with this foot.

“We’ve kept digging at the Burtele site; we have a few isolated teeth, but that’s all,” the Cleveland Museum of Natural History curator said.

It is, though, a remarkable thought that there were these two very distinct species effectively rubbing shoulders with each other 3.4 million years ago in what is now Ethiopia.

The landmark Lucy specimen unearthed in 1974 was found at Hadar, about 50 km from Burtele. Other remains of afarensis have been discovered closer still.

 

Turin Shroud: new theories by Thomas de Wesselow

Cambridge art historian Thomas de Wesselow came with a new theory about the Turin Shroud, being convinced that it is real and did touch Christ’s body.

Thomas de Wesselow insists that the image on the cloth fooled the Apostles into believing Christ had come back to life, and the Resurrection was in fact an optical illusion. However, his theory about the Turin Shroud claims that Jesus Christ actually rose from the dead.

His theory is that in the mind of a person 2,000 years ago, the image on the Shroud would have been astonishing – far beyond their normal experiences and truly unsettling.

“They saw the image on the cloth as the living double of Jesus,” Thomas de Wesselow said.

“Back then images had a psychological presence, they were seen as part of a separate plain of existence, as having a life of their own.”

“If you think yourself into the whole experience of the apostles. Going into the tomb three days after the crucifixion, in the half-light, and seeing that image emerging from the burial cloth,” the 40-year-old academic told The Daily Telegraph.

According to the Bible, Peter, James, Thomas, Mary Magdalene and a number of disciples saw Jesus in the flesh after his death.

This proved Jesus was the son of God and became the central tenet of Christian faith and theology.

In the New Testament, after the Romans crucified Jesus, He was buried in a tomb, but God raised Him from the dead and he appeared to many people over a span of forty days before his ascension to Heaven.

Christians celebrate the resurrection of Jesus on Easter Sunday, the third day after Good Friday, the day of his crucifixion. The resurrection story appears in more than five locations in the Bible.

The image on the Turin Shroud is commonly associated with Jesus Christ, his crucifixion and burial
The image on the Turin Shroud is commonly associated with Jesus Christ, his crucifixion and burial

But Thomas de Wesselow – a self-confessed “shroudie” who has been intrigued by the its mystery since childhood – has a radically different view.

He has spent eight years on The Sign: The Shroud of Turin and the Secret of the Resurrection, due to be published next Monday.

It is the latest in a long list of works claiming to have solved the riddle of the Turin Shroud.

Many believe the linen cloth was the shroud in which Jesus Christ’s body was buried after it was cut from the crucifix on Calvary, and displays an image of his body.

But debate has raged for decades about its authenticity.

Since a 1988 radiocarbon dating test put its age at between 1260 and 1390, many have just assumed the Shroud, which is held in the Royal Chapel of the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist in Turin, northern Italy, is a medieval forgery.

But conclusive proof has not yet been advanced.

De Wesselow’s new book claims to prove the botched sampling of the cloth and the last-minute abandonment of agreed procedures mean that the carbon dating test was seriously flawed.

Thomas de Wesselow, who is based in King’s College, Cambridge, believes the Shroud was looted as bounty by French knights and the Crusaders who sacked Constantinople in 1204.

He is convinced modern analysis proves the Shroud is genuine; that pollens lifted from cloth fibres indicate that it was once in Israel; a seam used in the weave of the linen is identical to one found only on a first-century cloth from Judea; the wound-marks are composed of real blood; and an alternative, peer-reviewed test of the age of the linen found that it was over 1300 years old.

He contends that the negative quality of the image also explains why, in the Gospels, the disciples are at first unable to recognize the Risen Jesus.

And he says his version of the Resurrection can be interpreted from passages in the Bible.

He points to Saint Paul’s 1 Corinthians 15-50 in which the Apostle says unequivocally that “resurrection is not about flesh and blood”.

 

Fidel Castro and Pope Benedict XVI historical meeting in Havana

Pope Benedict XVI and the former Cuban leader Fidel Castro had a meeting today for the first time after the Pontiff saying mass in Havana, in which he demanded greater freedom in the country and denounced Communist “fanaticism”.

The meeting comes towards the end of the Pope’s three-day visit to the Communist-run island, during which the pontiff called for a bigger role for the Roman Catholic Church in Cuban society.

Fidel Castro announced late yesterday that he would happily meet with Pope Benedict XVI, saying he was asking for just a “few minutes of his very busy time” while the Pope is in Havana.

After the mass, Pope Benedict met for about half an hour with Fidel Castro, who is a Jesuit-educated altar boy-turned-revolutionary leader whose 1998 hosting of Pope John Paul II marked a turning point in the church’s relations with Cuba.

Pope Benedict XVI and the former Cuban leader Fidel Castro had a meeting today for the first time after the Pontiff saying mass in Havana
Pope Benedict XVI and the former Cuban leader Fidel Castro had a meeting today for the first time after the Pontiff saying mass in Havana

Vatican spokesman Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi, said he was watching the two men and their conversation seemed very animated.

Pope Benedict XVI said Fidel Castro, who was raised a Catholic, asked about the reasons for the changes in the liturgy after the Second Vatican Council, about the role of the Pope and about the Pope’s thinking about the larger philosophical questions weighing on the minds of people today.

Father Lombardi told the Catholic News Service: “In the end, Commandante Fidel asked the pope to send him a few books dealing with the questions he had.”

He also revealed that Fidel Castro had told Pope Benedict he had followed his entire visit on television, and Castro had remarked they were about the same age, to which the Pope replied: “Yes, I’m old, but I can still carry out my duties.”

The Pope will celebrate his 85th birthday in April, and Fidel Castro will turn 86 in August.

Their meeting followed an unusually politicized homily from Pope Benedict XVI which was a not-so-subtle jab at Cuba’s leadership before the vast crowd.

But he also used plain language to urge an end to Cuba’s isolation, a reference to the 50-year U.S. economic embargo and the inability of 11 American presidents and brothers Fidel and Raul Castro to forge peace.

“Cuba and the world need change, but this will occur only if each one is in a position to seek the truth and chooses the way of love, sowing reconciliation and fraternity,” he said.

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Cissy Houston believes Bobby Brown’s DUI arrest proves he is just a bad influence

Cissy Houston, Whitney Houston’s mother, believes Bobby Brown’s DUI arrest proves what she has been telling people all along he is just a bad influence.

Sources close to Cissy Houston told TMZ that she’s always felt Bobby Brown was a cancer who infected Whitney’s life with negative influences.

Cissy Houston felt “vindicated” when she found out Bobby Brown was arrested for driving under the influence on Monday afternoon and believes the incident is exactly why she wants Bobby to “keep his distance” from his daughter Bobbi Kristina.

Cissy Houston believes Bobby Brown's DUI arrest proves he is just a bad influence
Cissy Houston believes Bobby Brown's DUI arrest proves he is just a bad influence

The Houstons believe Bobbi Kristina Brown has been in a “vulnerable place” since Whitney passed and as one source puts it: “This is the last person she needs to be around.”

Instead, sources told TMZ that Cissy Houston wants Bobbi Kristina Brown to hang around “positive mentors” like Clive Davis.

 

Bobby Brown was not driving erratically, says his lawyer

Bobby Brown’s attorney is defending the singer’s actions behind the wheel few days after he was arrested for driving under the influence.

“Everyone is innocent until proven guilty, and Mr. Brown was not driving erratically,” Tiffany Feder, Bobby Brown’s legal counsel, told People magazine in a statement.

“He was speaking on his cell phone.”

The statement continues: “Mr. Brown has not been convicted of anything associated with this incident. Mr. Brown is taking this matter seriously and an investigation is underway. The legal process shall run its course.”

Bobby Brown’s attorney is defending the singer’s actions behind the wheel few days after he was arrested for DUI
Bobby Brown’s attorney is defending the singer’s actions behind the wheel few days after he was arrested for DUI

On Monday, Bobby Brown, 43, was pulled over at 12:20 p.m. in the San Fernando Valley for talking on his cell phone, and he then failed a field sobriety test. He was later released on his own recognizance and  $5,000 bail about two hours later from the Van Nuys police station jail.

The incident came days after the coroner’s announcement that ex-wife Whitney Houston died from accidental drowning.

 

There are about 160 billion Super-Earths in the Milky Way, say astronomers

An international team of astronomers says that there could be many billions of planets not much bigger than Earth circling faint stars in the Milky Way galaxy.

The estimate for the number of “super-Earths” is based on detections already made and then extrapolated to include the Milky Way’s population of so-called red dwarf stars.

The team works with the high-precision Harps instrument.

This is fitted to the 3.6 m telescope at the Silla Observatory in Chile.

Harps employs an indirect method of detection that infers the existence of orbiting planets from the way their gravity makes a parent star appear to twitch in its motion across the sky.

“Our new observations with Harps mean that about 40% of all red dwarf stars have a super-Earth orbiting in the habitable zone where liquid water can exist on the surface of the planet,” said team leader Xavier Bonfils from the Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de Grenoble, France.

“Because red dwarfs are so common – there are about 160 billion of them in the Milky Way – this leads us to the astonishing result that there are tens of billions of these planets in our galaxy alone.”

An international team of astronomers says that there could be many billions of planets not much bigger than Earth circling faint stars in the Milky Way galaxy
An international team of astronomers says that there could be many billions of planets not much bigger than Earth circling faint stars in the Milky Way galaxy

The Harps team came up with its numbers after surveying 102 carefully chosen red dwarfs, which are dimmer and cooler than our Sun.

The group found a total of nine super-Earths (which are defined as planets with one to 10 times the mass of the Earth), with two judged to be orbiting inside their stars’ habitable zones.

Putting all its data together, including observations of stars that did not have planets, the team was able to produce an estimate for how common different sorts of planets are around red dwarfs.

This assessment suggests super-Earths in the habitable zone occur in 41% of cases, with a range from 28% to 95%.

Given how many red dwarf stars there are in close proximity to the Sun, it means there could be perhaps 100 super-Earth planets in the habitable zones of stars that are less than about 30 light-years distant.

“The habitable zone around a red dwarf, where the temperature is suitable for liquid water to exist on the surface, is much closer to the star than the Earth is to the Sun,” commented co-researcher Stephane Udry from the Geneva Observatory.

“But red dwarfs are known to be subject to stellar eruptions or flares, which may bathe the planet in X-rays or ultraviolet radiation, and which may make life there less likely.”

The latest Harps research will appear in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.

 

LA Dodgers baseball club will be sold to Magic Johnson’s consortium

Guggenheim Baseball Management LLC, the consortium that includes the former basketball star Magic Johnson, is buying the LA Dodgers baseball club.

The club and owner Frank McCourt said they planned to sell the team and Dodger Stadium for $2 billion to Guggenheim Baseball Management LLC.

The sale could help the club to emerge from bankruptcy.

Frank McCourt and some affiliates of the buyers will also form a joint venture to buy the surrounding property and car parks for $150 million.

The deal is subject to approval in a federal bankruptcy court.

The business – one of the most prestigious franchises in sport – has been overseen by a bankruptcy court since June.

That followed a move in April last year by Major League Baseball, the sport’s ruling body, to take over the day-to-day running of the club following questions about its financing and a fight for ownership between Frank McCourt and his former wife Jamie.

Guggenheim Baseball Management LLC, the consortium that includes the former basketball star Magic Johnson, is buying the LA Dodgers baseball club
Guggenheim Baseball Management LLC, the consortium that includes the former basketball star Magic Johnson, is buying the LA Dodgers baseball club

Frank McCourt bought the team in 2004 from the Fox division of News Corporation for $430 million. The deal also gave him ownership of Dodger Stadium and 250 acres of land that included the car parks.

The team’s debt stood at $579 million as of January 2012.

The sale announcement came shortly after Major League Baseball owners had approved three bidders for an auction of the team which was expected to start later on Wednesday.

Frank McCourt said: “This agreement with Guggenheim reflects both the strength and future potential of the Los Angeles Dodgers, and assures that the Dodgers will have new ownership with deep local roots.”

Earvin “Magic” Johnson, 52, played 13 seasons for the Los Angeles Lakers, winning five NBA championships and three Most Valuable Player awards.

Magic Johnson retired from the NBA in 1991 after being diagnosed with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, before returning to the game and eventually retiring for good in 1996.

News Corporation’s Fox sports unit and Time Warner Cable are now expected to battle for the rights to screen the team’s games.

 

Amazon launches Kindle Touch in Europe

Amazon has announced the launch of Kindle Touch, its touchscreen version of iKindle e-reader, in the UK, Germany, France, Spain and Italy.

The Kindle Touch will be available for delivery from 27 April, five months after it went on sale in the US. Unlike in America, there will not be a discounted version with adverts.

Kindle Touch aims to challenge touch-based e-readers from Kobo and Sony.

Amazon had no update on a European release date for its bestselling Kindle Fire Android-based tablet.

Kindle Touch is being sold in UK for £109 with wi-fi, and £169 with both wi-fi and 3G connectivity, with no monthly fee. Both options allow books to be bought “on the go” from Amazon.

The device also contains an “experimental” web browser, but it only works with a wi-fi signal.

The e-reader is 70 grams (2.5 ounces) heavier and slightly larger than the basic Kindle model, which is sold for £89.

However, it also offers an “x-ray” feature – exclusive to the device – which lets users to find related passages in a book as well as more detailed information from Wikipedia and Amazon’s community-written book encyclopaedia “Shelfari”.

The latest version of its operating system will allow books to be read in both portrait and landscape mode. US-owners had previously been restricted to holding the device vertically and had pressed Amazon to make both options available.

Amazon has announced the launch of Kindle Touch, its touchscreen version of iKindle e-reader, in the UK, Germany, France, Spain and Italy
Amazon has announced the launch of Kindle Touch, its touchscreen version of iKindle e-reader, in the UK, Germany, France, Spain and Italy

Amazon said UK readers will have access to more than one million books including the Harry Potter series, which has just become available to the firm and its rivals.

“We launched our first Kindle here 18 months ago and it very quickly became successful with 500,000 titles,” said Jorrit Van der Meulen, Amazon’s European vice president of Kindle.

“It is the best-selling e-reader in the world, but the comments that we got back… were ‘we wish it had touch’, and so we’re excited now to bring this to the UK market as well.”

Jorrit Van der Meulen would not explain the reason for the gap in launch dates. He also confirmed that European users would not be able to lend books to each other or borrow titles from public libraries as they can in the US.

When asked about the Kindle Fire – which shipped on 14 November in the US – he said: “We generally don’t talk about upcoming products or future plans.”

Gadget site, Pocket-Lint’s editor was not convinced many users would want to pay a premium over the entry-point Kindle, which uses push-buttons to change pages.

“The basic version sold like hot cakes at Christmas and it is likely to remain the market leader,” said the site’s founder Stuart Miles.

“You don’t really need to touch a book to make the pages turn when a button does the same, and for another £20 that’s basically all you are getting.”

In the US, the Kindle Touch faces competition from the Nook Simple Touch, which is sold ad-free at a cheaper price, and the Nook Color which can screen movies and television shows.

There had been rumours that the rival e-readers might soon launch in the UK after their maker – Barnes & Noble bookstores – sponsored an event for developers in London earlier this month.

However, the firm’s senior vice president of communications, Mary Ellen-Keating, said: “We have nothing to announce at this time.”

 

Richard Norris received a new face, jaw, teeth and tongue in the most extensive face transplant

US doctors at the University of Maryland gave Richard Norris a new face, including jaw, teeth and tongue, in an operation that is the most extensive face transplant ever performed.

Richard Norris, 37, has lived as a recluse for 15 years after being severely injured in a gun accident, and wore a mask whenever he went outside.

The surgery was funded by the US Navy, which hopes the techniques will help casualties from Iraq and Afghanistan.

Surgeons who carried out the 36-hour operation say it was part of a series of transplant operations lasting 72 hours, using organs from one donor in five patients including Richard Norris.

He lost his lips and nose in the accident, and only had limited movement of his mouth.

US doctors at the University of Maryland gave Richard Norris a new face, including jaw, teeth and tongue, in an operation that is the most extensive face transplant ever performed
US doctors at the University of Maryland gave Richard Norris a new face, including jaw, teeth and tongue, in an operation that is the most extensive face transplant ever performed

The lead surgeon says Richard Norris will now get his life back.

“Our goal is to restore function as well as have aesthetically pleasing results,” said Eduardo Rodriguez.

The team at the University of Maryland says Richard Norris is now brushing his teeth and shaving, and has regained his sense of smell.

The US government estimates that 200 wounded troops might be eligible for face transplants.

The first face transplant was performed in France in 2005, on a woman who was mauled by her dog.

In 2010 surgeons in Spain carried out the world’s first full face transplant.

 

Vast amounts of gas and dust detected in the super-bright galaxy ULAS J1120+0641

Vast amounts of gas and dust have been detected in the galaxy that contains the most distant supermassive black hole known to science, announced astronomers.

The galaxy, called J1120+0641, is so far away, its light has taken more than 13 billion years to reach Earth.

Researchers say they were surprised to see so much carbon in the observations.

The element is made via nuclear fusion of helium in massive stars and ejected when these giants end their lives in dramatic supernova explosions.

It is an indication of just how dynamic the early Universe must have been, said Bram Venemans, of the Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy in Heidelberg, Germany.

“The glow of carbon tells us there are stars being formed, and the dust also tells us that – that there is lots of ultraviolet light [from bright new stars] heating the dust. But the amount of carbon we can derive means a lot of stars must have formed and produced this carbon,” said Dr. Bram Venemans.

Vast amounts of gas and dust have been detected in the J1120+0641 galaxy (that red dot in green circle) contains the most distant supermassive black hole known to science
Vast amounts of gas and dust have been detected in the J1120+0641 galaxy (that red dot in green circle) contains the most distant supermassive black hole known to science

Dr. Bram Venemans was speaking here in Manchester at the UK National Astronomy Meeting (NAM).

He and colleagues used the IRAM array of millimetre-wave telescopes in the French Alps to make their study of J1120+0641.

They see the distant galaxy as it was just 740 million years after the Big Bang, when the abundance of chemical elements in the cosmos would have been dominated far more by hydrogen and helium than it is today.

The supermassive black hole at the galaxy’s core is about two billion times the mass of our sun, and shines as it shreds the matter falling into it.

The team might have expected to see a strong signal for heavier elements (or “metals” as astronomers refer to them) in this energetic emission, but the IRAM detects carbon across the galaxy.

“We found this accreting black hole and you see these metal lines, and that is not too surprising. This is quite a small region of space and you only need a couple of stars to go into the black hole to pollute its signal. But it’s the same across the galaxy,” Dr. Bram Venemans explained.

This indicates J1120+0641 is rapidly producing stars, cycling heavier and heavier elements as they go though the generations.

From their observations, Dr. Bram Venemans and colleagues calculate that J1120+0641 was forming those stars at a rate 100 times that seen in our Milky Way Galaxy today.

This is not quite as fast as some big galaxies later in cosmic time, but it is still an impressive performance.

“The presence of so much carbon confirms that massive star formation must have occurred in the short period between the Big Bang and the time we are now observing the galaxy,” the Heidelberg researcher said.

The team credits the success of its study to a recent upgrade to the IRAM facility, which sits 2,550-m up on the Plateau de Bure. The processing of the signals received by the observatory’s six dishes is now much improved.

“We would not have been able to detect this emission only a couple years ago,” said team member, Dr. Pierre Cox, director of IRAM.

 

Apple will refund Australian customers over the new iPad 4G capabilities

Apple has announced that will refund Australian customers who felt misled about the 4G capabilities of the new iPad.

The country’s consumer watchdog has taken Apple to court for false advertising because the tablet computer does not work on Australia’s 4G network.

Apple’s lawyers said they were willing to publish a clarification.

However, Appler the company does not accept that it misled customers.

Australia’s Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) said on Tuesday “that Apple’s recent promotion of the new <<iPad with wi-fi + 4G>> is misleading because it represents to Australian consumers that the product can, with a Sim card, connect to a 4G mobile data network in Australia, when this is not the case“.

Apple has announced that will refund Australian customers who felt misled about the 4G capabilities of the new iPad
Apple has announced that will refund Australian customers who felt misled about the 4G capabilities of the new iPad

The watchdog then lodged a complaint at the Federal Court in Melbourne.

At a preliminary hearing, Apple lawyer Paul Anastassiou said Apple had never claimed the device would work fully on the current 4G network operated by Telstra.

Apple says the new iPad works on what is globally accepted to be a 4G network.

The matter could go to full trial after the Easter break.

The Apple iPad’s third version went on sale earlier this month, with Australia the first country where it was available.

Shoppers lined up by the hundreds at Apple stores on opening day and the company said it had been its strongest iPad launch to date.

The ACCC said it was seeking an injunction on sales as well as a financial penalty against Apple, corrective advertising and refunds to consumers.

On its website, Apple does state that 4G LTE is only supported on selected networks in the US and Canada.

 

Beyonce matches her outfit to baby Blue Ivy’s faux-fur sling

Beyonce has pimped baby Blue Ivy Carter’s ride to a glamorous effect, as it looks at first glance as though the superstar is just wearing an opulent, faux-fur stole to match her outfit.

It’s hard to discern that there is even a baby there, underneath all that fluff… but it is in fact her daughter’s sling.

But Blue Ivy is snuggled inside, enjoying the lap of luxury… or should that be the bosom?

Beyonce is already back to her glamorous best after going through the ordeal of giving birth.

Beyonce matches her outfit to baby Blue Ivy's faux-fur sling
Beyonce matches her outfit to baby Blue Ivy's faux-fur sling

Last week the singer revealed that she had plans to return to the stage

Beyonce announced her intention to perform three concerts in Atlantic City this coming May.

The singer will perform as part of the unveiling of the $2.4 billion Revel Resorts over Memorial Day weekend.

Jay-Z owns the 40/40 club in Atlantic City.

Meanwhile, Beyonce has fallen victim to an apparent swipe from fellow singer Katy Perry.

After singing a cover of a Jay-Z track it seems that Katy Perry took aim at his wife Beyonce.

The California Gurl singer was talking about her upcoming collaboration with Rihanna – saying she wanted their track to be “iconic”.

Katy Perry then went on to cite Beyonce and Shakira’s 2007 song Beautiful Liar – suggesting it would not stand the test of time.

 

Beyonce the dog could set the world’s record for smallest puppy

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Beyonce the dog could set the world’s record for tiniest puppy, as she was so small when she was born on March 8 that could fit onto a spoon.

Animal rescuers in Northern California, where the tiny pup was, say the female Dachshund mix is the smallest puppy in the world.

At two weeks, Beyonce about the size of a business card.

The rescue workers have submitted her details to the Guinness Book of Records and are waiting to hear she’s a mini-record breaker.

The Grace Foundation, based in El Dorado County, says animal control picked up Beyonce’s pregnant mother, and she gave birth to a litter of five on March 8.

Beyonce the dog could set the world's record for tiniest puppy, as she was so small when she was born that could fit onto a spoon
Beyonce the dog could set the world's record for tiniest puppy, as she was so small when she was born that could fit onto a spoon

Animal shelter workers took her into the centre just before she gave birth to her litter of five.

Beyonce was the last pup to be delivered and was born without a heartbeat – but vets were able to get her heart started again.

Veterinarians managed to revive her through chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

The foundation says she’ll be ready for adoption in about two weeks.

 

JetBlue flight from New York to Las Vegas made emergency landing in Texas

JetBlue domestic flight 191 from New York to Las Vegas has made an emergency landing amid a medical scare over the captain, the airline has said.

JetBlue 191 was carrying 135 passengers when it landed in Amarillo, Texas, about three-and-a-half hours into the flight.

One passenger said a man thought to be the flight captain began shouting, possibly about a bomb, and had to be restrained.

Local police and the FBI are said to be investigating the incident.

“We heard the word <<bomb>>,” passenger Heidi Karg told CNN.

“We didn’t know exactly what was going on.”

Heidi Karg said she heard the captain shout: “I need the code, gimme the code, I need to get in there.”

JetBlue domestic flight 191 from New York to Las Vegas has made an emergency landing amid a medical scare over the captain
JetBlue domestic flight 191 from New York to Las Vegas has made an emergency landing amid a medical scare over the captain

Another passenger, Grant Heppes, told the Associated Press that he saw the man walk from the cockpit to the back of the plane. He was barred from going back in and then became disruptive.

Grant Heppes said many passengers were “shocked and confused”.

“Nobody was very loud except for the people trying to help out. Everybody just standing up and not really sure what was going on. It was very hard to tell,” he said.

JetBlue has said the pilot in charge of the plane decided to land at about 10:00 a.m local time.

Once on the ground in Amarillo the crew member was taken to a local medical facility and an off-duty captain who was on the flight by chance took over the role, JetBlue said.

According to Grant Heppes, the ambulance was parked beside the plane for about half an hour.

One man at the airport, Shane Helton, told the Associated Press that emergency personnel were on the tarmac.

“They pulled one guy out on a stretcher and put him in an ambulance,” he said.

 

Madonna hits back at DJ Deadmau5’s claims that she glamorized drug use at Ultra Music Festival

Madonna hits back at DJ Deadmau5’s claims that she glamorized drug use during her performance at the Ultra Music Festival in Miami over the weekend.

DJ Deadmau5, the world-famous music guru, 31, branded the Madonna a “f****g idiot” after she asked the crowd how many of them had “met molly” as she introduced Swedish DJ Avicii to the stage at the Ultra Music Festival in Miami on Saturday.

While “molly” is a slang term for the active ingredient in ecstasy, Madonna insists her comments have been taken the wrong way.

Madonna took to Twitter, posting a Photoshopped picture of herself wearing Minnie Mouse ears, writing: “From one mouse to another I don’t support drug use and I never have.

“I was referring to the song called Have You Seen Molly written by my friend Cedric Gervais who I almost worked with on my album.”

Deadmau5 – real name Joel Thomas Zimmerman – then responded to the tweet, conceding: “Fair enough, I was just voicing my concerns as I usually do. +1 respect for clearing it up personally… regardless, just be a little more aware of what you should represent at EDM events, and I’ll watch my mouth.”

Madonna – getting the final word – responded again, tweeting: “Communication is always best. You should have called me first, we could have cleared it up ‘privately.’ 😉 See you on the road.”

Madonna hits back at DJ Deadmau5’s claims that she glamorized drug use
Madonna hits back at DJ Deadmau5’s claims that she glamorized drug use

DeadMau5, whose moniker is pronounced dead mouse, had initially tweeted: “Very classy there Madonna. <<HUR DUR HAS ANYONE SEEN MOLLY???>>

“Such a great message for the young music lovers at ultra. quite the f***n philanthropist. but hey, at least yer HIP AND TRENDY! F*****g cant smack my head hard enough right now.”

The star, who performs while wearing a plastic mouse head, continued to rant against the star’s behavior after receiving complaints from people defending her outburst.

He said: “seriously, I giveth not a f***ing single F*** for slating on Madonna for reaching an entirely NEW level of idiocy.

“I can appreciate her meteoric career, and all good deeds done, but WHAT THE F*** WAS THAT?

“That’s your big contribution to EDM [electronic dance music]?

“Thats your big message to ultra attendies? hipsterspeak for looking for drugs? f*** off you f***ing IDIOT.”

But the award winning house producer was not finished, and after calming down, wrote a lengthy blog entry where he explained he was unhappy she was abusing her power and not acting responsibly.

Deadmau5 said: “We have, and will always have personal choice. Thats how our lives are shaped… through the good or bad choices we make.

“We learn every day from them, but they’re ours to make, and its our responsibility to make the right ones for each of ourselves.

“Not to be pandered down to us in metaphorical pill form from BIG voices as a marketing scheme to <<fit in>> with todays young and <<hip>> crowd to sell a f***ing CD.

“So, if you can be pandered with MDNA references, then at least pander your own ass with a good sense of responsibility which will enable you to make the personal choices that are right for YOU.”

 

Heavily pregnant Jessica Simpson played bridesmaid to her former assistant Lauren Zelman

Jessica Simpson played bridesmaid to one of her closest friends and former assistant Lauren Zelman.

Jessica Simpson, 31, nearly upstaged the bride as all eyes were on her massive stomach as everyone waits with baited breath for her to finally have her baby.

She certainly looked radiant in her pink halterneck dress as she joined the ceremony at the Parker Palm Springs Resort in California.

Jessica Simpson was joined by her younger sister Ashlee at the sunset wedding of Lauren Zelman to Reaper actor Bret Harrison.

Jessica Simpson played bridesmaid to one of her closest friends and former assistant Lauren Zelman
Jessica Simpson played bridesmaid to one of her closest friends and former assistant Lauren Zelman

Ashlee Simpson’s three-year-old son Bronx acted as ring bearer and one eyewitness told People: “He broke down in tears several times, but Ashlee was great and kept making him smile again.”

And the source added that Jessica Simpson needed a helping hand down the aisle so there was no danger of her falling over.

They said: “It was difficult for her to get around, but she was a great sport and kept smiling.

“Everyone at the wedding was doting on Jessica and seemed very understanding. And Lauren seemed very happy that Jessica was able to be a part of her wedding.”

Other wedding guests included actors Adam Brody, best known from The O.C, and screen Josh Schwartz, who were groomsmen, plus Jessica Simpson’s best friend CaCee Cobb and her fiancé, Scrubs star Donald Faison.

 

What the Mohamed Merah video sent to Al-Jazeera contains?

Al-Jazeera TV network has received a video apparently showing the attacks carried out by Islamist gunman Mohamed Merah in Toulouse, south-west France.

The Qatar-based satellite TV channel decided not to broadcast the contents, or circulate them to other media, after appeals from French President Nicolas Sarkozy and others.

Victims’ families believe its broadcast would give publicity to Mohamed Merah, who reportedly told police before he was killed in a siege that he identified with al-Qaeda.

Over nine days, Mohamed Merah shot dead four defenseless adults and three small children, recording his attacks with a camera strapped to his chest.

Details of the footage were given both by Al-Jazeera and French judicial sources.

Entitled “Al-Qaeda attacks France”, the video posted to Al-Jazeera on a USB stick lasts about 25 minutes, a judicial source told French news website 20 Minutes.

“It’s very, very well produced,” the source said.

“This is not some muddy, grainy film. The editing is professional, with songs in between the events.”

Al-Jazeera TV has received a video apparently showing the attacks carried out by Islamist gunman Mohamed Merah in Toulouse
Al-Jazeera TV has received a video apparently showing the attacks carried out by Islamist gunman Mohamed Merah in Toulouse

Zied Tarrouche, Al-Jazeera’s bureau chief in Paris, said he had watched the video and it showed all of the killings.

“You see all of the attacks carried out in Toulouse and Montauban, that’s to say the murder of the first soldier, then the three soldiers and finally the attack on the school,” he told French channel BFM TV.

“You hear the voice of the person who carried out the killings,” he added.

“You also hear the victims’ cries.

“My feelings are those of any human being who sees horrible things.”

Zied Tarrouche said the video also contained a mixture of religious songs, readings and Koranic verses.

Speaking to Le Figaro newspaper, Zied Tarrouche said the USB stick had come in the post on Monday along with a letter dated Wednesday 21 March.

The author of the letter, according to Zied Tarrouche, claimed the attacks in the name of al-Qaeda, writing in “passable French with lots of spelling mistakes”.

“The odd thing is that it was written in French when usually al-Qaeda claims are made in Arabic,” Zied Tarrouche added.

In a later statement, Al-Jazeera announced: “In accordance with Al-Jazeera’s code of ethics, given the video does not add any information that is not already in the public domain, its news channels will not be broadcasting any of its contents.”

All media requests for copies of the video were being declined, the broadcaster said.

 

Cassini probe makes its lowest pass over the south pole of Saturn’s moon Enceladus

NASA’s Cassini probe will make today its lowest pass yet over the south pole of Enceladus, an active moon of Saturn which may harbor a liquid water ocean.

The flyby, at an altitude of 74 km (46 miles), will allow Cassini to “taste” the jets of ice and water vapor that gush from the moon’s polar region.

Several lines of evidence suggest these jets are fed by a liquid water ocean beneath Enceladus’ outer icy shell.

The probe’s closest approach will take place at 19:30 GMT on Tuesday.

The scientists will use Cassini’s Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer instrument to learn more about the composition, density and variability of the plumes from Enceladus.

Scientists previously detected salts in these jets, which suggested the sub-surface liquid water ocean was probably in contact with Enceladus’ rocky core.

This makes Enceladus an even more important target in the search for life elsewhere in the Solar System, as rocks could furnish the ocean with the chemical ingredients thought essential for life.

Cassini probe will make today its lowest pass yet over the south pole of Enceladus, an active moon of Saturn which may harbor a liquid water ocean
Cassini probe will make today its lowest pass yet over the south pole of Enceladus, an active moon of Saturn which may harbor a liquid water ocean

The plumes erupt from fissures at the south pole known as “tiger stripes”.

Last week, scientists presented evidence of a connection between the jet activity on Enceladus and the way Saturn’s gravity stretches and stresses the fissures.

The results were outlined by Terry Hurford, from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (LPSC) in The Woodlands, Texas.

However, about 35% of the observations could not be explained by tension in the jets’ source regions.

Enceladus moves around Saturn in a distorted, oval-shaped orbit rather than a circular one. This causes the moon to be pulled and squeezed by Saturn’s gravity, inducing the heat that enables geological activity on the icy moon.

Cassini’s closest approach to any part of Enceladus occurred in October 2008, when it flew within about 25 km (16 miles) of the surface.

A flyby in October 2015 will bring Cassini about 25 km closer to the moon.