Viktor Orban said refugees were “breaking the doors” and that a united stance was required.
Ministers from Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia met to discuss an EU proposal for quotas, which they oppose.
Some EU countries want refugees shared out more evenly across the EU.
Germany and France are among those who back plans to share the burden of relocating 120,000 migrants from Greece, Italy and Hungary.
“They are over-running us,” said Viktor Orban, shortly before Hungary’s parliament agreed to hand more powers to the army.
“They’re not just banging on the door, they’re breaking the doors down on top of us. Our borders are under threat. Hungary is under threat and so is the whole of Europe.”
The new law allows Hungary’s army to use rubber bullets, tear gas and net guns to control migrants at its border.
Police would also now be allowed to enter private homes to search for people they believed had entered Hungary illegally, the AFP reported.
Viktor Orban, whose stance on immigration has drawn heavy criticism from European colleagues, made the comments at the start of a week of critical talks.
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