A huge manhunt is underway for Joaquin Guzman, who got out of his cell on July 11 through a 1mile-long tunnel.
Interior Minister Miguel Angel Osorio Chong said officials at the prison must have helped his escape.
Three senior prison officials, including the director of the Altiplano jail, have been dismissed.
It has emerged that El Chapo Guzman fled despite wearing a monitoring bracelet and being subject to 24-hour surveillance.
“There will be no rest for this criminal,” said Miguel Angel Osorio Chong,
On July 13, he visited the prison and the nearby area for the first time since El Chapo Guzman’s escape.
The interior minister arrived by helicopter at the Altiplano compound, about 55 miles west of Mexico City, along with a group of congressmen and National Security Commissioner Monte Alejandro Rubrido.
Miguel Angel Osorio Chong is in charge of the operation in the absence of President Enrique Pena Nieto, who is on a planned visit to France for that country’s Bastille Day celebrations on July 14.
Security has been reinforced across Mexico. Flights from nearby Toluca airport were suspended and checkpoints have been set up.
Guatemala also increased checks along its northern border with Mexico in response to the news that El Chapo Guzman had escaped. It was there he was captured in 1993.
El Chapo Guzman was sent to a top-security jail in Mexico, Puente Grande, but broke out in 2001, reportedly hidden in a laundry cart after bribing officials.
Analysts are warning that the same could happen again, if El Chapo Guzman’s escape triggers conflicts with other cartels keen to protect their patches.
Dozens of prison guards are being questioned at the Altiplano prison to find out how he could escape this time.
Video footage showed Joaquin Guzman entering the shower area in his cell at 20:52 local time on July 11.
The tunnel linked the shower area to a house built over the past year across maize fields near the prison.
The tunnel would have allowed El Chapo Guzman, who is known as Shorty, to comfortably walk upright.
It had ventilation and lights and guards also found a motorcycle which they believe was used to transport earth removed as the tunnel was dug.
Inside the building near the prison, officials found a bed and a kitchen, suggesting those who dug the tunnel could have spent days at a time there.
A calculation based on the height, width and extension of the tunnel estimates that the earth removed would have filled 379 trucks, said Reforma newspaper.
President Pena Nieto called El Chapo Guzman’s escape “an affront to the state” and ordered a full investigation.
El Chapo Guzman’s personal fortune is estimated at $1 billion.
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