Exactly who these people were and why they were killed is not clear.
However, Col. Qasim al-Obeidi said he believed some were members of the security forces.
ISIS militants captured much of al-Baghdadi town, near Ain al-Asad air base, last week.
Col. Qasim al-Obeidi said a compound that houses the families of security personnel and local officials was now under attack.
He pleaded for help from the government and the international community.
The fighting and poor communications in the area make it difficult to confirm such reports.
Earlier this month, ISIS published a video showing militants burning alive a Jordanian air force pilot, whose plane crashed in Syria in December.
Al-Baghdadi had been besieged for months by ISIS militants before its fall on February 12.
It had been one of the few towns to still be controlled by the Iraqi government in Anbar province, where ISIS and allied Sunni Arab tribesmen launched an offensive in January 2014.
Pentagon spokesman Rear Admiral John Kirby told reporters on February 13 that al-Baghdadi’s capture needed to be put in perspective.
He said it was the first time in the last couple of months that the jihadist group had taken new ground.
However, Ain al-Asad air base, where about 320 US Marines are training members of the Iraqi army’s 7th Division, is only 5 miles away.
The base was itself attacked by ISIS fighters, among them several suicide bombers, on February 13. The militants were eventually repelled by Iraqi troops backed by US-led coalition aircraft.
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