Brent crude futures rose 3% to $113.27 per barrel, while US crude gained more than 2% to $106.71, the highest reading for both since September.
Insurgents have taken over two Iraqi cities, prompting the US to say it was considering “all options” to help Iraq.
Iraq is the second-largest oil producer in the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) group.
The developments have also hurt global stock markets. Shares in the US fell on Thursday and major stock indexes in Asia were also down in early trade on Friday.
Sunni Islamist insurgents have taken control of the Iraqi cities of Mosul and Tikrit.
Led by the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIS), the insurgents are believed to be planning to push further south to the capital, Baghdad, and regions dominated by Iraq’s Shia Muslim majority.
Middle East is one of the biggest oil producing areas in the world and there are fears that if this conflict escalates further, it may hurt global oil supplies.
On Thursday, President Barack Obama said his government was looking at “all options”, including military action, to help Iraq fight Islamist militants.
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