Dmitry Pavlyuchenkov was found guilty by a court in Moscow of tracking Anna Politkovskaya’s movements and providing the killer with a gun.
He struck a plea bargain to qualify for a reduced sentence.
Dmitry Pavlyuchenkov was tried separately from five other men accused of the 2006 murder, which shocked human rights campaigners.
The court also ordered Lt. Col. Dmitry Pavlyuchenkov to pay 3 million rubles ($97,500) in compensation to Anna Politkovskaya’s children.
Anna Politkovskaya’s family had demanded 10 million rubles.
After the verdict, Dmitry Pavlyuchenkov was immediately led away from the courtroom by guards.
Anna Politkovskaya’s family had opposed the plea bargain, under which Dmitry Pavlyuchenkov was allowed to admit his guilt without testifying.
The other defendants include three members of the same Chechen family: Rustam Makhmudov, who is accused of firing the fatal shots, and his brothers Dzhabrail and Ibragim, who are accused of acting as getaway drivers.
All three men were tried and acquitted for lack of evidence in 2009 but the verdict was overturned by Russia’s supreme court, which ordered them to be retried.
The prosecutors said Dmitry Pavlyuchenkov was part of the gang formed by Chechen crime boss, Lom-Ali Gaitukayev, who was himself allegedly in the pay of an unidentified mastermind.
Lom-Ali Gaitukayev was arrested in 2007 in a separate case and is currently serving a jail sentence for the attempted murder of a businessman. He was charged over the Politkovskaya murder last year.
Another former police officer, Sergei Khadzhikurbanov, has been charged with providing logistical support in the crime.
Anna Politkovskaya was an investigative journalist who wrote highly critical reports on the Kremlin and of Russian military actions in Chechnya.
On 7 October 2006, she was found shot dead in a lift at her block of flats in Moscow.
At the time, the 48-year-old was working for a small-circulation Russian newspaper, Novaya Gazeta, known for its fierce attacks on the country’s authorities.
Anna Politkovskaya’s brutal murder shocked the media in Russia and abroad, and led to calls for better protection of journalists in the country.
The late journalist’s family had argued in vain that the plea bargain would not help establish who had ultimately ordered the murder.
Their lawyer said they would appeal against Friday’s verdict for being too lenient.
Novaya Gazeta’s editor-in-chief said earlier there was a “political taboo” on identifying the person who had ordered the killing.
Dmitry Muratov said he wanted any plea-bargaining in the case to require that suspects name this person.
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