The train was travelling from central Mandalay to Myiktyina in the north, when it crashed near Kantbalu.
Officials said the train had come off the tracks, then a fire broke out in fuel storage tanks.
Many of those killed were believed to be local residents who had gathered at the scene.
Burma’s information ministry said locals had been attempting to collect the spilled fuel. It posted images on its website of burnt out carriages and what appeared to be charred bodies.
Emergency officials said 83 people had been taken to hospital and that another two of those had later died.
The government put the number injured at 62.
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