Pope Francis arrives in Jordan at the start of a three-day visit to the Middle East which will also take him to Israel and the Palestinian territories.
The Pope Francis is traveling to Amman, where he will celebrate Mass in a stadium, and later meet Syrian refugees.
The official purpose of the visit is to improve ties with the Orthodox Church.
However, correspondents say many will expect Pope Francis to use his influence to try to ease tensions in the region.
Pope Francis arrives in Jordan at the start of a three-day visit to the Middle East which will also take him to Israel and the Palestinian territories
Pope Francis will be accompanied by a rabbi and an imam – friends from his native Argentina – and hopes to improve relations between Christians, Muslims and Jews in the Holy Land.
His journey comes only a few weeks after the latest round of Israeli-Palestinian peace talks collapsed.
Israel has issued restraining orders against several Jewish right-wing activists this week over concerns that they could try to disrupt the visit.
Police said offensive “anti-Christian graffiti” was discovered on the wall of a church in the southern city of Beersheba on Friday.
Pope Francis’ journey marks the 50th anniversary of the historic meeting in Jerusalem between Pope Paul VI and the head of the Orthodox Church, Patriarch Athenagoras.
The meeting ended 900 years of separation and enduring antagonism between the Eastern and Western branches of Christianity.
On Sunday, Pope Francis will travel to Bethlehem in the West Bank and preside over Mass in Manger Square, near the site where Jesus is believed to have been born.
He will also meet the current Ecumenical Orthodox Patriarch, Bartholomew, and they will sign a declaration of friendship.
The pontiff’schedule on Monday is set to include a visit to the al-Aqsa mosque complex in Jerusalem’s Old City followed by the Dome of the Rock and the Western Wall.
Pope Francis will be the fourth leader of the Roman Catholic Church to visit Jerusalem, after Popes Paul VI, John Paul II and Benedict XVI, who went there in 2009.
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Mitt Romney has called for a “change of course” in the Middle East, criticizing US President Barack Obama on foreign policy.
Speaking in Virginia, the Republican presidential candidate lambasted the White House over an attack in Libya that killed the US ambassador.
Mitt Romney said he would put Iran “on notice” over its nuclear plans, and called for arms to go to Syrian rebels.
With four weeks to go before the election, polls show Barack Obama retains a foreign policy lead over his rival.
Mitt Romney spoke at the Virginia Military Institute for his first major policy speech since the candidates met on Wednesday for their first face-to-face debate, on the US economy.
Barack Obama was widely seen as having “lost” the debate after a hesitant performance in Denver. Their vice-presidential running mates Joe Biden and Paul Ryan will debate on Thursday.
Mitt Romney has repeatedly criticized the president for a foreign policy that he believes has left the US less respected and less powerful in the world.
In his speech at the military institute he said he wanted to “offer a larger perspective on these tragic recent events” and share his vision for a “freer, more prosperous, and more peaceful world”.
Mitt Romney linked the deadly attack in Benghazi, Libya to the president’s foreign policy and criticized his administration’s response.
“The attacks on America last month should not be seen as random acts,” Mitt Romney said.
“They are expressions of a larger struggle that is playing out across the broader Middle East – a region that is now in the midst of the most profound upheaval in a century.”
“This latest assault cannot be blamed on a reprehensible video insulting Islam, despite the administration’s attempts to convince us of that for so long.”
Initial reports said the protests and attacks were sparked by an anti-Islam film made in the US. But since the attack, the Obama administration has said that the attack in Benghazi, which killed US ambassador to Libya Chris Stevens and three others, involved some people “linked to groups affiliated with, or sympathetic to al-Qaeda”.
Mitt Romney was criticized at the time after saying that the administration appeared to “sympathize with those who waged the attacks” before the situation in Libya and at another protest in Egypt became clear.
The White House has faced repeated questions over the security situation in Benghazi in the run-up to the attack.
On Monday, US media reported that Ambassador Stevens wanted a specialized security team to stay past their August deployment, but that the staff was told to make-do “with less”.
A state department official told ABC News that embassy’s security officer never made a specific request for the team to stay and that there was no net loss of security personnel.
Mitt Romney – whose foreign affairs team includes advisers from the “realist” and “neo-conservative” wings of the Republican establishment – repeatedly accused Barack Obama of being soft in foreign affairs.
He was particularly tough on the administration’s policy in the Middle East, asserting: “Hope is not a strategy”.
Mitt Romney said the US was missing “an historic opportunity to win new friends who share our values in the Middle East” and said there was “a longing for American leadership” in region.
On Iran, Mitt Romney said “will not hesitate to impose new sanctions”, describing Tehran as “never closer” to a nuclear weapons capability.
“For the sake of peace, we must make clear to Iran through actions – not just words – that their nuclear pursuit will not be tolerated.”
On Syria, Mitt Romney said Barack Obama had “failed to lead” and said that his administration would work “with our partners to identify and organize those members of the [Syrian] opposition who share our values and ensure they obtain the arms they need to defeat Assad’s tanks, helicopters, and fighter jets”.
During his remarks, Mitt Romney also gave strong words of support on Israel, arguing “the world must never see any daylight between our two nations”.
He also used the speech to argue against expected US defence cuts and for increased US Navy shipbuilding, as many as 15 a year, including three submarines.
Before Mitt Romney spoke, the Obama campaign released an ad highlighting his gaffe-laden international trip this summer as well as his response to the Libya attack.
“We’re not going to be lectured by someone who has been an unmitigated disaster on foreign policy,” Barack Obama campaign spokeswoman Jen Psaki said on Monday.
The two candidates will debate foreign policy in their last meeting on 22 October.
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