Pope Francis has appointed 19 new cardinals at a ceremony in Rome – the first such appointments of his papacy.

Cardinals are the most senior Roman Catholic clergymen below the pontiff.

The new cardinals received the traditional red hat and robes at the ceremony, known as a consistory, which was conducted in Latin and followed ancient tradition.

Cardinals wear red robes, along with scarlet zucchetto and biretta

Cardinals wear red robes, along with scarlet zucchetto (skullcap) and biretta (four cornered hat with tassel).

Red signifies the color of blood and symbolizes their commitment to defend the church.

During daily business, a cardinal’s robes are edged with red to signify his dignity and respect.

On official occasions, the cardinal’s robes are entirely red.