According to the veteran Republican’s doctors, the options may include chemotherapy and radiation.
John McCain, 80, is in “good spirits” recovering at home.
The brain tumor was discovered during a surgery to remove a blood clot from above his left eye last week.
A Vietnam veteran, John McCain spent more than five years as a prisoner of war.
On July 14, the six-term senator and 2008 Republican presidential candidate underwent surgery at a clinic in Phoenix, Arizona.
Tissue analysis revealed that a primary brain tumor known as glioblastoma was associated with the clot, a statement from the Mayo Clinic said.
“The senator’s doctors say he is recovering from his surgery <amazingly well> and his underlying health is excellent,” the statement added.
“Treatment options may include a combination of chemotherapy and radiation.”
Glioblastoma is a particularly aggressive brain tumor, and increases in frequency with age, affecting more men than women.
John McCain was in “good spirits as he continues to recover at home with his family”, his office said.
The senator’s family reacted with “shock” to the news, his 32-year-old daughter Meghan said.
She tweeted: “It won’t surprise you to learn that in all of this, the one of us who is most confident and calm is my father.
“So he is meeting this challenge as he has every other. Cancer may afflict him in many ways: but it will not make him surrender. Nothing ever has.”
President Trump said John McCain has “always been a fighter” and, in a statement, said: “Get well soon.”
Meanwhile, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said John McCain was a “hero to our country”.
Former President Barack Obama said on Twitter: “John McCain is an American hero and one of the bravest fighters I’ve ever known. Cancer doesn’t know what it’s up against. Give it hell, John.”
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