Usain Bolt, 26, added 4×100 m gold to his 100m and 200m triumphs and now has a total of eight golds and two silvers.
Carl Lewis and Allyson Felix also have 10 medals but have eight golds, one silver and a bronze respectively.
Jamaica won in 37.36 seconds with the US second and Canada third after Great Britain were disqualified.
Usain Bolt’s latest triumph meant he joined Americans Michael Johnson, Felix and Lewis on a record-equalling eight world titles overall.
The 100 m and 200 m world record holder also secured a sprint triple in World Championships for the second time, matching the trebles he completed at the 2008 and 2012 Olympics.
“It is just great,” Usain Bolt said of the comparison.
“I’ll continue dominating. I’ll continue to work hard. For me, my aim is to continue into the greatness thing.”
The US team gave the Jamaicans a scare but Rakieem Salaam’s handover to Justin Gatlin left the individual 100m runner-up off balance.
He clearly strayed into the Jamaicans’ lane outside him but somehow escaped disqualification.
It made no difference to Usain Bolt, who streaked clear to complete victory in the sixth-fastest time ever.
“I wasn’t really worried about Justin. I knew if he got the baton in front of me, I could catch him,” he said.
“So it was just going out there to run as fast as possible.”
Usain Bolt delighted the crowd with a celebratory Cossack dance before parading round the track with team-mates Nesta Carter, Kemar Bailey-Cole and Nickel Ashmeade.
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